Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal / Animal Health Research Center (CISA)

Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n

28130 Valdeolmos

Madrid (Spain)

Tel: (+34) 916202300

Fax:(+34) 916202247

Overview of CISA

CISA-INIA is a centre for research on infectious animal diseases and environmental health that possess a large BSL-3/BSL-3+ contained facility. It is located 40 Km. North-east of Madrid at the village of Valdeolmos.

The main building, of 13,000 m2, is composed of three floors. The laboratories and animal facilities are located in the middle floor. The upper one is dedicated to negative atmospheric pressure gradient generation and control. Finally, the lower floor is used for decontamination of liquid effluents and waste treatment.

The biocontained area covers 10,824 m2. Its access is restricted to authorized personnel. The BSL-3/3+ isolation conditions are maintained by:

• A decreasing air pressure gradient combined with filtration of exhaust air through 72 absolute HEPA filters to prevent any release of infectious airborne particles.
• A strict compartmentalization exists between the different working areas. The whole BSL-3 area was built following the concept of “box in a box” meaning that the supposed-to-be the most contaminated areas (e.g. necropsy rooms of the animal facilities) are located in the core of the building and have the lowest air pressure so the air will always flow from the “clean” areas towards the most contaminated ones. The different compartments are communicated by air airtight sealing doors.
• Liquid effluents undergo a continuous flow thermal sterilisation. Those liquid effluents containing exceptionally resistant infectious agents (prions) which can withstand the temperatures used in classical thermal sterilisation procedures are treated separately by chemical decontamination.
• Solid residues undergo either thermal/chemical decontamination or are incinerated.

Facilities offered

>> BSL3/3+ Laboratories

• 26 fully equipped laboratories.
• 2 laboratories with more stringent biosafety conditions (BSL-3 plus level), fully equipped to work with high risk viruses that could affect humans. Full protecting clothing and respiratory mask usage as well as additional decontamination steps are mandatory for working inside this area.
• 14 shared rooms available to all research staff for general tasks such as working with radioactive isotopes, scintillation counting, proliferation assays, cell culture, tissue homogenization, ultracentrifugation, fluorescence microscopy, image acquisition and processing, flow-cytometry, Real-Time thermocycler, lyophilisation, freeze-drying, etc.

>> BSL-2 & BSL3/3+ Animal facilities

• 22 individual rooms having different BSL conditions (5 rooms in BSL-2, 13 rooms in BSL-3 and 2 rooms in BSL-3+) all of them provided with polyvalent boxes able to shelter fish, small animals as well and large ones such as pig, cattle and horses. Each BSL-3/3+ room includes a personnel decontamination area with shower.
• Large, fully equipped necropsy room.
• 2 histopathology laboratories equipped with semi-automatic sample processing devices (stepwise fixation, dehydration, staining). They are connected with the necropsy room by means of an airlock to ensure a rapid transfer of materials/samples in both ways (to and from the necropsy room)

Research topics

Main research areas at CISA include:

• Emerging zoonotic diseases: Rift Valley Fever Virus , West Nile Fever Virus and Influenza virus
• Animal diseases of viral ethiology: Foot and Mouth Disease Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, African Swine Fever Virus, Bluetongue disease Virus among others.
• Development of Viral Vectors for vaccine usage
• Strategies for vaccine development against animal viruses
• Caliciviruses: Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus, Swine Norovirus, etc.
• Nucleic acid- and synthetic peptide based vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
• Modulation of the immune system by viruses
• Immune response in FMDV infection
• Fish immunology
• Molecular and Cellular Biology of prions

Contact person

Dr. Esther Blanco

E-mail: blanco@inia.es

Javier Iglesias

E-mail: hidalgo@inia.es

Activities and services

The main activities at CISA deal with the diagnosis, control, prevention as well as basic research on the causative agents of transmissible diseases which affect domestic animals and can also affect humans in some cases. With regards to their nature, most of these pathogens are viruses, but some of them belong to an entirely different class such as prions.

Overall, these diseases pose a serious socio-economic or public health concern, mainly due to their potential for rapid spread and/or their impact on the economy.

In this sense, CISA is listed as Reference Centre for the OIE and FAO for African Swine Fever (ASF) and African Horse Sickness (AHS), as well as FAO Reference Centre for Classical Swine Fever (CSF). Common tasks at CISA include:

• Routine diagnosis of the diseases mentioned above, evaluation of diagnostic kits for CSF, production and shipment of serological and virological diagnostic kits and reagents, participation in the annual meetings of the Reference Laboratories of the EU and collaborative inter-laboratories assays (ring test).
• Research aimed at the development of new diagnostic methods for the diseases mentioned above: recombinant protein-based techniques for antigen or antibody detection, development of PCR methodologies (conventional, real time and multiplex real time).
• Molecular characterization and epidemiological molecular studies on ASF, FMD, CSF, and Bluetongue.
• Prion diseases: Development of new strategies for the detection of prion infectivity; study of the molecular elements implicated in prion replication and inter-species barrier, development of new disease models based on transgenic mice and susceptible cell lines.
• Training courses for technical and research staff from many different countries
• Participation in international missions as consultant at FAO request.

Description of the access to provide

• The external users will integrate in the group at CISA that best fits their research interests/areas and will benefit from all the existing technical support available in order to perform experimental work at the BSL-3 and BSL-3+ facilities of CISA mentioned in item 3 of this document (laboratories, common usage areas and animal household facilities). The support will include the appointment of technicians to support routine work at laboratories, "in vivo" experimentation with animals, and co-ordination with the animal facilities and pathology services for selection of animals, inoculations, sample collection, necropsies, etc. In summary, they will as the local users
• Some technical personnel will be provided by the group at CISA, for the support of users under the program.
• In order to quantify the amount of external access offered, the unit to be used will be 1 month i.e. 10 working days for 2 users (20 days), typically one scientist and one assistant (student or technician) but this last point will be modulated according to the experiment.

Number of participants accepted

6 projects in total (6 acces to provide)

Travel and subsistence costs covered per participant:

• Travel, accommodation and subsistence expenses: Flight ticket plus 95.56 € per user/day, according to INIA administrative rules.
• Consumables (Labware, reagents, animals, etc.): According to NADIR specifications for this issue.

Conditions of candidate involvement

After the end of each project the candidate will:

• Submit a short report
• Fill a questionnaire available on-line at: http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/capacities/questionnaire_en.html
• The participant is entitled to publish the results of its work at the infrastructure in the open literature.All publications resulting from the project should acknowledge this EC-support by mentioning : “The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community‘s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 228394”
• Proprietary research (research where results are not generally available to the public or only made available under confidentiality arrangements) cannot be supported.
• Travel and subsistence expenses linked to the access will be reimbursed upon approval of the report. Reimbursements will be done according to administrative rules of each hosting organisation.
• For more information about transnational access conditions, see the ANNEX III to the Grant Agreement - Infrastructures

Infrastructure ethical rules

Animal experiments as well as other activities that might raise ethical concern must follow the guidelines dictated by the Ethical Committee of INIA, the home institution of CISA.

Recent publications

>> 2009

• Immune effects observed after the injection of plasmids coding for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) CK5B, CK6 and CK7A chemokines demonstrate their immunomodulatory capacity and reveal CK6 as a major interferon inducer.; Montero J, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A, Tafalla C.; Dev Comp Immunol. 2009 Oct; 33(10):1137-45.
• Immunosuppression during acute infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine is mediated by IL-10.; Díaz-San Segundo F, Rodríguez-Calvo T, de Avila A, Sevilla N.; PLoS One. 2009 May 21; 4(5):e5659.
• Recombinant antigen targets for serodiagnosis of African swine fever.; Gallardo C, Reis AL, Kalema-Zikusoka G, Malta J, Soler A, Blanco E, Parkhouse RM, Leitão A.; Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Jul; 16(7):1012-20.
• Chimeric calicivirus-like particles elicit protective anti-viral cytotoxic responses without adjuvant.; Crisci E, Almanza H, Mena I, Córdoba L, Gómez-Casado E, Castón JR, Fraile L, Bárcena J, Montoya M.; Virology. 2009 May 10; 387 (2): 303-12.
• Early Presence of Immune Cells in the Developing Gonad of the Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758).; Chaves-Pozo E, Liarte S, Mulero I, Abellán E, Meseguer J, García-Ayala A.; J Reprod Dev. 2009 Apr 30.
• A method for the generation of ectromelia virus (ECTV) recombinants: in vivo analysis of ECTV vCD30 deletion mutants.; Alejo A, Saraiva M, Ruiz-Argüello MB, Viejo-Borbolla A, de Marco MF, Salguero FJ, Alcami A.; PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5175.
• Establishment of a bluetongue virus infection model in mice that are deficient in the alpha/beta interferon receptor.; Calvo-Pinilla E, Rodríguez-Calvo T, Anguita J, Sevilla N, Ortego J.; PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5171.
• Genome comparison of a nonpathogenic myxoma virus field strain with its ancestor, the virulent Lausanne strain.; Morales M, Ramírez MA, Cano MJ, Párraga M, Castilla J, Pérez-Ordoyo LI, Torres JM, Bárcena J.; J Virol. 2009 Mar;83(5):2397-403.
• Transcription of immune genes upon challenge with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in DNA vaccinated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).; Cuesta A, Tafalla C.; Vaccine. 2009 Jan 7;27(2):280-9.

>> 2008

• Antigen delivery systems for veterinary vaccine development. Viral-vector based delivery systems.; Brun A, Albina E, Barret T, Chapman DA, Czub M, Dixon LK, Keil GM, Klonjkowski B, Le Potier MF, Libeau G, Ortego J, Richardson J, Takamatsu HH.; Vaccine. 2008 Dec 2;26(51):6508-28. Review.
• Self-assembly of the recombinant capsid protein of a swine norovirus into virus-like particles and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with a human strain from genogroup II.; Almanza H, Cubillos C, Angulo I, Mateos F, Castón JR, van der Poel WH, Vinje J, Bárcena J, Mena I.; J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Dec;46(12):3971-9.
• Association between number of wild birds sampled for identification of H5N1 avian influenza virus and incidence of the disease in the European Union.; Martinez M, Perez AM, de la Torre A, Iglesias I, Muñoz MJ.; Transbound Emerg Dis. 2008 Dec;55(9-10):393-403.
• Regulation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8R) gene transcription in response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), DNA vaccination and chemokines.; Montero J, Estepa A, Coll J, Tafalla C.; Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2008 Sep;25(3):271-80.
• Cytokine mRNA expression and pathological findings in pigs inoculated with African swine fever virus (E-70) deleted on A238L.; Salguero FJ, Gil S, Revilla Y, Gallardo C, Arias M, Martins C.; Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2008 Jul 15;124(1-2):107-19.
• Enhanced mucosal immunoglobulin A response and solid protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge induced by a novel dendrimeric peptide.; Cubillos C, de la Torre BG, Jakab A, Clementi G, Borrás E, Bárcena J, Andreu D, Sobrino F, Blanco E.; J Virol. 2008 Jul;82(14):7223-30.
• Interleukin 8 and CK-6 chemokines specifically attract rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) RTS11 monocyte-macrophage cells and have variable effects on their immune functions.; Montero J, Coll J, Sevilla N, Cuesta A, Bols NC, Tafalla C.; Dev Comp Immunol. 2008;32(11):1374-84.
• Effects of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte cell line RTS-11. Tafalla C, Sanchez E, Lorenzen N, DeWitte-Orr SJ, Bols NC. Mol Immunol. 2008 Mar;45(5):1439-48.
• An ectromelia virus protein that interacts with chemokines through their glycosaminoglycan binding domain. Ruiz-Argüello MB, Smith VP, Campanella GS, Baleux F, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Luster AD, Alcami A. J Virol. 2008 Jan;82(2):917-26.
• In vivo modulation of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune response by the human alpha defensin 1, HNP1. Falco A, Brocal I, Pérez L, Coll JM, Estepa A, Tafalla C. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2008 Jan;24(1):102-12.
• West Nile virus in the endangered Spanish imperial eagle. Höfle U, Blanco JM, Crespo E, Naranjo V, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Sanchez A, de la Fuente J, Gortazar C. Vet Microbiol. 2008 May 25;129(1-2):171-8.
• Structural and functional analysis of the ovine laminin receptor gene (RPSA): Possible involvement of the LRP/LR protein in scrapie response. Marcos-Carcavilla A, Calvo JH, González C, Serrano C, Moazami-Goudarzi K, Laurent P, Bertaud M, Hayes H, Beattie AE, Lyahyai J, Martín-Burriel I, Torres JM, Serrano M. Mamm Genome. 2008 Feb;19(2):92-105.
• Altered lymphocyte homeostasis after oral prion infection in mouse. Segundo FD, Sevilla N, Gutiérrez JP, Brun A. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2008 Apr 15;122(3-4):204-15.
• Organochlorine residues in the blubber and liver of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded in the Canary Islands, North Atlantic Ocean. Carballo M, Arbelo M, Esperón F, Mendez M, de la Torre A, Muñoz MJ. Environ Toxicol. 2008 Apr;23(2):200-10.
• Subcellular distribution of swine vesicular disease virus proteins and alterations induced in infected cells: A comparative study with foot-and-mouth disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. Martín-Acebes MA, González-Magaldi M, Rosas MF, Borrego B, Brocchi E, Armas-Portela R, Sobrino F. Virology. 2008 May 10;374(2):432-43.
• Detection and survival of prion agents in aquatic environments. Maluquer de Motes C, Cano MJ, Torres JM, Pumarola M, Girones R. Water Res. 2008 May;42(10-11):2465-72.
• Excretion of BSE and scrapie prions in stools from murine models. Maluquer de Motes C, Grassi J, Simon S, Herva ME, Torres JM, Pumarola M, Girones R. Vet Microbiol. 2008 Mar 4.
• Prevalence of West Nile Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Spain Is Related to the Behavior of Migratory Birds. López G, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Tejedor CG, Soriguer R, Figuerola J. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008 Apr 9.
• Real-time fluorogenic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of African horse sickness virus. Agüero M, Gómez-Tejedor C, Angeles Cubillo M, Rubio C, Romero E, Jiménez-Clavero A. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2008 May;20(3):325-8.
• Bluetongue virus serotype 1 in wild mouflons in Spain. Fernández-Pacheco P, Fernández-Pinero J, Agüero M, Jiménez-Clavero MA. Vet Rec. 2008 May 17;162(20):659-60.
• Novel gel-based and real-time PCR assays for the improved detection of African horse sickness virus. Rodriguez-Sanchez B, Fernandez-Pinero J, Sailleau C, Zientara S, Belak S, Arias M, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM. J Virol Methods. 2008 May 22.

>> 2007

• Sheep-passaged bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent exhibits altered pathobiological properties in bovine-PrP transgenic mice. Espinosa JC, Andréoletti O, Castilla J, Herva ME, Morales M, Alamillo E, San-Segundo FD, Lacroux C, Lugan S, Salguero FJ, Langeveld J, Torres JM. J Virol. 2007 Jan;81(2):835-43.
• In vitro and in vivo differential expression of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Mx isoforms in response to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) G gene, poly I:C and VHSV. Tafalla C, Chico V, Pérez L, Coll JM, Estepa A. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2007 Jul;23(1):210-21.
• Expression of inducible CC chemokines in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to a viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) DNA vaccine and interleukin 8. Sanchez E, Coll J, Tafalla C. Dev Comp Immunol. 2007;31(9):916-26.
• Progression of prion infectivity in asymptomatic cattle after oral bovine spongiform encephalopathy challenge. Espinosa JC, Morales M, Castilla J, Rogers M, Torres JM. J Gen Virol. 2007 Apr;88(Pt 4):1379-83.
• Development of a low-cost, insect larvae-derived recombinant subunit vaccine against RHDV. Pérez-Filgueira DM, Resino-Talaván P, Cubillos C, Angulo I, Barderas MG, Barcena J, Escribano JM. Virology. 2007 Aug 1;364(2):422-30.
• Coenzyme Q and protein/lipid oxidation in a BSE-infected transgenic mouse model. Martin SF, Burón I, Espinosa JC, Castilla J, Villalba JM, Torres JM. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Jun 1;42(11):1723-9.
• Reduced susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions in transgenic mice expressing a bovine PrP with five octapeptide repeats. Brun A, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Castilla J, Pintado B, Díaz-San Segundo F, Cano MJ, Alamillo E, Espinosa JC, Torres JM. J Gen Virol. 2007 Jun;88(Pt 6):1842-9.
• A fully automated procedure for the high-throughput detection of avian influenza virus by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Agüero M, San Miguel E, Sánchez A, Gómez-Tejedor C, Jiménez-Clavero MA. Avian Dis. 2007 Mar;51(1 Suppl):235-41.
• A real-time TaqMan RT-PCR method for neuraminidase type 1 (N1) gene detection of H5N1 Eurasian strains of avian influenza virus. Agüero M, Sánchez A, San Miguel E, Gómez-Tejedor C, Jiménez-Clavero MA. Avian Dis. 2007 Mar;51(1 Suppl):378-81.
• Prevalence of West Nile virus neutralizing antibodies in colonial aquatic birds in southern Spain. Figuerola J, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Rojo G, Gómez-Tejedor C, Soriguer R. Avian Pathol. 2007 Jun;36(3):209-12.
• Discrimination of sheep susceptible and resistant to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies by an haplotype specific monoclonal antibody. Bilheude JM, Brun A, Morel N, Díaz San Segundo F, Lecroix S, Espinosa JC, González L, Steele P, Grassi J, Andréoletti O, Torres JM. J Virol Methods. 2007 Nov;145(2):169-72.
• Dual antiviral activity of human alpha-defensin-1 against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV): inactivation of virus particles and induction of a type I interferon-related response. Falco A, Mas V, Tafalla C, Perez L, Coll JM, Estepa A. Antiviral Res. 2007 Nov;76(2):111-23.
• Stress response in the central nervous system of a transgenic mouse model of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Tortosa R, Vidal E, Costa C, Alamillo E, Torres JM, Ferrer I, Pumarola M. Vet J. 2007 Aug 8.
• Serosurvey of West Nile virus in equids and bovids in Spain. Jiménez-Clavero MA, Tejedor CG, Rojo G, Soriguer R, Figuerola J. Vet Rec. 2007 Aug 11;161(6):212.
• Identification of a second group of type I IFNs in fish sheds light on IFN evolution in vertebrates. Zou J, Tafalla C, Truckle J, Secombes CJ. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15;179(6):3859-71.
• Recent advances in the development of recombinant vaccines against classical swine fever virus: Cellular responses also play a role in protection. Ganges L, Núñez JI, Sobrino F, Borrego B, Fernández-Borges N, Frías-Lepoureau MT, Rodríguez F. Vet J. 2007 Sep 3.
• Aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 overexpression in bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a transgenic murine model and in cattle field cases. Costa C, Tortosa R, Rodríguez A, Ferrer I, Torres JM, Bassols A, Pumarola M. Brain Res. 2007 Oct 17;1175:96-106.
• Classic scrapie in sheep with the ARR/ARR prion genotype in Germany and France. Groschup MH, Lacroux C, Buschmann A, Lühken G, Mathey J, Eiden M, Lugan S, Hoffmann C, Espinosa JC, Baron T, Torres JM, Erhardt G, Andreoletti O. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Aug;13(8):1201-7.
• Seroconversion in wild birds and local circulation of West Nile virus, Spain. Figuerola J, Soriguer R, Rojo G, Gómez Tejedor C, Jimenez-Clavero MA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Dec;13(12):1915-7.

>> 2006

• Genomic and antigenic characterization of viruses from the 1993 Italian foot-and-mouth disease outbreak. Núñez JI, Fusi P, Borrego B, Brocchi E, Pacciarini ML, Sobrino F. Arch Virol. 2006 Jan;151(1):127-42.
• Fish transposons and their potential use in aquaculture. Tafalla C, Estepa A, Coll JM. J Biotechnol. 2006 Jun 10;123(4):397-412.
• Detection of three porcine vesicular viruses using multiplex real-time primer-probe energy transfer. Rasmussen TB, Uttenthal A, Agüero M. J Virol Methods. 2006 Jun;134(1-2):176-82.
• Selective lymphocyte depletion during the early stage of the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in swine. Díaz-San Segundo F, Salguero FJ, de Avila A, de Marco MM, Sánchez-Martín MA, Sevilla N. J Virol. 2006 Mar;80(5):2369-79.
• Antigenic properties and diagnostic potential of African swine fever virus protein pp62 expressed in insect cells. Gallardo C, Blanco E, Rodríguez JM, Carrascosa AL, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Mar;44(3):950-6.
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in spleen from an ARR/ARR orally exposed sheep. Andréoletti O, Morel N, Lacroux C, Rouillon V, Barc C, Tabouret G, Sarradin P, Berthon P, Bernardet P, Mathey J, Lugan S, Costes P, Corbière F, Espinosa JC, Torres JM, Grassi J, Schelcher F, Lantier F. J Gen Virol. 2006 Apr;87(Pt 4):1043-6.
• African swine fever virus pB119L protein is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-linked sulfhydryl oxidase. Rodríguez I, Redrejo-Rodríguez M, Rodríguez JM, Alejo A, Salas J, Salas ML. J Virol. 2006 Apr;80(7):3157-66.
• DNA vaccines expressing B and T cell epitopes can protect mice from FMDV infection in the absence of specific humoral responses. Borrego B, Fernandez-Pacheco P, Ganges L, Domenech N, Fernandez-Borges N, Sobrino F, Rodríguez F. Vaccine. 2006 May 1;24(18):3889-99.
• High throughput detection of bluetongue virus by a new real-time fluorogenic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: application on clinical samples from current Mediterranean outbreaks. Jiménez-Clavero MA, Agüero M, San Miguel E, Mayoral T, López MC, Ruano MJ, Romero E, Monaco F, Polci A, Savini G, Gómez-Tejedor C. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006 Jan;18(1):7-17.
• Comparison of three monoclonal antibodies for use in immunohistochemical detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy protease-resistant prion protein. Salguero FJ, Díaz-San SF, Brun A, Cano MJ, Torres JM. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006 Jan;18(1):106-9.
• Arenavirus diversity and evolution: quasispecies in vivo. Sevilla N, de la Torre JC. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2006;299:315-35.
• A chemokine-binding domain in the tumor necrosis factor receptor from variola (smallpox) virus. Alejo A, Ruiz-Argüello MB, Ho Y, Smith VP, Saraiva M, Alcami A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 11;103(15):5995-6000.
• Co-injection of interleukin 8 with the glycoprotein gene from viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) modulates the cytokine response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Jimenez N, Coll J, Salguero FJ, Tafalla C. Vaccine. 2006 Jul 7;24(27-28):5615-26.
• Molecular epidemiology of African swine fever virus studied by analysis of four variable genome regions. Nix RJ, Gallardo C, Hutchings G, Blanco E, Dixon LK. Arch Virol. 2006 Dec;151(12):2475-94.
• Cell expression of a four extra octarepeat mutated PrPC modifies cell structure and cell cycle regulation. Martín SF, Herva ME, Espinosa JC, Parra B, Castilla J, Brun A, Torres JM. FEBS Lett. 2006 Jul 24;580(17):4097-104.
• Increased expression of water channel aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in bovine spongiform encephalopathy-infected bovine-PrP transgenic mice. Rodríguez A, Pérez-Gracia E, Espinosa JC, Pumarola M, Torres JM, Ferrer I. Acta Neuropathol. 2006 Nov;112(5):573-85.
• DNA immunization with 2C FMDV non-structural protein reveals the presence of an immunodominant CD8+, CTL epitope for Balb/c mice. Barfoed AM, Rodriguez F, Therrien D, Borrego B, Sobrino F, Kamstrup S. Antiviral Res. 2006 Dec;72(3):178-89.
• Optimization and validation of recombinant serological tests for African Swine Fever diagnosis based on detection of the p30 protein produced in Trichoplusia ni larvae. Pérez-Filgueira DM, González-Camacho F, Gallardo C, Resino-Talaván P, Blanco E, Gómez-Casado E, Alonso C, Escribano JM. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Sep;44(9):3114-21.
• Distribution of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) in brains of livestock and domesticated species. Díaz-San Segundo F, Salguero FJ, de Avila A, Espinosa JC, Torres JM, Brun A. Acta Neuropathol. 2006 Nov;112(5):587-95.
• DNA vaccination can break immunological tolerance to PrP in wild-type mice and attenuates prion disease after intracerebral challenge. Fernandez-Borges N, Brun A, Whitton JL, Parra B, Diaz-San Segundo F, Salguero FJ, Torres JM, Rodriguez F. J Virol. 2006 Oct;80(20):9970-6.
• Adenosine A1 receptor protein levels and activity is increased in the cerebral cortex in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in bovine spongiform encephalopathy-infected bovine-PrP mice. Rodríguez A, Martín M, Albasanz JL, Barrachina M, Espinosa JC, Torres JM, Ferrer I. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006 Oct;65(10):964-75.
• A new fluorogenic real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of lineage 1 and lineage 2 West Nile viruses. Jiménez-Clavero MA, Agüero M, Rojo G, Gómez-Tejedor C. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006 Sep;18(5):459-62.
• Group I mGluR signaling in BSE-infected bovine-PrP transgenic mice. Rodríguez A, Martín M, Albasanz JL, Barrachina M, Espinosa JC, Torres JM, Ferrer I. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Dec 20;410(2):115-20.